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Text File | 1991-08-04 | 170.8 KB | 4,353 lines |
- Dump
- Structure
- This
- option
- only
- reports
- the
- instructions
- that
- affect
- the
- flow
- of
- disassembled
- program.
-
- The
- general
- structure
- a
- subroutine
- can
- be
- understood
- by
- tracing
- it's
- subroutines.
- In
- MsDos
- environment
- interrupts
- are
- often
- used
- as
- shorthand
- subroutine
- calls
- so
- these
- also
- included.
- Press
- any
- key
- to
- continue
- Editing
- Commands
- ^S
- Char
- Left
-
- ^D
- Right
- ^X
- Line
- Down
- ^R
- Page
- Up
- ^G
- Delete
-
- ^Y
- Del
- Line
- ^A
- Word
- ^F
- ^E
- Up
-
- ^C
- Down
- ^T
- Word
- Home-
- Margin
- End-
- End
- ^Home-
- Top
-
- ^End-
- Bottom
- Ins-
-
- Insert
- Mode
- Del-
- Char
- Keypad
- keys
- move
- cursor
- F2
- Call
- Subroutine
- changes
- current
- disassembly
- window.
- return
- jump
- to
- target
- JMP
- or
- CALL
- instruction.
- Otherwise,
- enter
- address
- jumped
- to.
- F3
- will
- window
- its
- current
- position.
- The
- Level
- is
- incremented
- and
- displayed
- in
- upper
- right
- corner
- screen.
- Return
- From
- returns
- disassembly
- window
- location
- before
- position
- last
- F2
- was
- pressed.
- indicator
- at
- top
- screen
- decremented.
- F4
- Find
- Bytes
- for
- search
- be
- entered
- combination
- ASCII,
- words,
- bytes
- separated
- by
- spaces.
- ASCII
- must
- enclosed
- in
- quotes.
- Example:
- 1234
- 56
- 'ABC'
- would
- sequence
- of
- 34
- 12
- 41
- 42
- 43.
- any
- abort
- search.
- F5
- Assign
- Label
- To
- Address
- label
- Segment:Offset
- form,
- absolute,
- or
- another
- label.
- Pressing
- return
- uses
- line.
- should
- label
- erase
- label.
- F6
- Set
- Data
- Type
- A
- data
- type
- selection
- informs
- disassembler
- following
- interpreted
- data
- (of
- varying
- types)
- instructions.
- "A",
- example,
- forces
- ASCII.
- set
- continues
- force
- next
- set.
- "I"
- 8086
- F7
- Segment
- change
- default
- values
- Code,
- Data,
- Extra,
- Stack
- segments,
- corresponding
- first
- letter
- then
- new
- hex
- address.
- segment
- apply
- all
- code
- after
- line.
- Automatic
- Options
- automatically
- can
- assign
- labels,
- types,
- and
- add
- comments
- disassembled
- code.
- These
- toggled
- entering
- characters.
- Concurrency
- requires
- an
- "O".
- This
- enables
- concurrent
- disassembly.
- Addresses
- source
- suppressed
- toggling
- option.
- make
- more
- readable.
- F9
- RPN
- Calculator
- calculator
- operate
- hex,
- binary,
- decimal.
- 't'
- toggle
- between
- bases.
- commands
- are:
- Enter:
- Push
- >:
- Shift
- >
- +:
-
- Add
- <:
- <
- -:
- Subtract
- &:
- And
- *:
- Multiply
- |:
- Or
- /:
- Divide
- X:
- Xor
- #:
- Change
- Sign
- T:
- Toggle
- F10
-
- file
- binary
- form
- program
- structure
- List
- (and
- edit)
- records
- Table
- File
- status
- Help
- on
- opcode
- F8
- screens
- opcodes
- For
- options:
- PgUp
- Previous
- page
- PgDn
- Next
- menu
- Initial
- Menu
- F1
- (this
- screen)
- Enter
- name
- -
- Only
- COM
- EXE
- SYS
- files
- accepted
- Disassembler
- Output
- Source
- Version
- File
- Map
- SYMDEB
- Run
- pass
- types
- Learn
- snOOp
- snOOping
- file
- General
- calculator
- MS-DOS
- Creating
- .ASM
- starting
- ending
- file.
- If
- you
- press
- instead
- starting
- SNOOP
- will
- beginning
- you
- press
- ending
- address
- end
- runs
- out
- space
- drive,
- error
- message
- appear
- upper
- left
- Disassembly
- disassemble.
- either
- question
- file.
- Save
- Error
- An
- MS-DOS
- error
- has
- occurred
- during
- creation
- your
- most
- usual
- reasons
- disk
- full
- diskette
- is
- write
- protected.
- Check
- drive
- try
- again.
- can't
- find
- have
- specified.
- now
- main
- menu.
- PgDn:
- 16
- codes
- PgUp:
- previous
- Esc
- End:
- dump
- Snoop
- Help
- through
- help
- always
- gets
- help
- screen
- disassemble
- (edit
- mode)
- into
- ASM
- MAP
- do
- labels
- automatic
- options
- tutorial
- it!
- Screens
- Snoop
- generates
- context
- sensitive
- screen.
- (Snoop.Hlp)
- not
- directory,
- directory
- called
- from,
- path
- bell
- ring.
- even
- pressed
- from
- middle
- an
- input
- Object
- Name
- disassemble
- three
- common
- MsDos
- types.
- .COM
- (single
- segment)
- .EXE
- (multi-segment)
- .SYS
- (system
- ORG
- 0)
- with
- knows
- what
- settings
- assume.
- Disassemble
- enters
- edit
- mode.
- takes
- place
- interactive
- with
- cursor
- similar
- those
- WordStar.
- Comments
- just
- WordStar.
- Special
- commands
- using
- keys.
- speed,
- certain
- Alt
- combinations
- skip
- menus.
- ^KD
- this
- menu.
- Create
- denotes
- source
- assembler
- When
- completed,
- ASM
- created.
- edited
- word
- processor
- reassembled
- MASM.
- One
- warning,
- small.
- byte
- object
- code
- generate
- much
- eighty
- comments.
- MicroSoft
- Symbolic
- Debugger
- use
- labels
- generated
- if
- they
- translated
- into
- MAP.
- allow
- trace
- operation
- easily
- remembered
- labels.
- DisAssembly
- initiates
- types.
- F6.
- unlikely
- yield
- correct
- since
- it
- may
- interpret
- some
- create
- fictitious
- results.
- simplify
- initial
- giving
- a
- broad
- brush
- view
- areas.
- Binary
- menu
- allows
- hex.
- left
- side
- shows
- equivalents.
- PgUp
- page
- forward
- backward
- Entering
- Information
- Back
- Arrow
- delete
- character.
- Escape
- cancels
- entry.
- finishes
- Types
- snOOp
- line
- does
- contain
- It
- likely
- that
- contains
- data.
- reported
- several
- ways.
- DB
- signifies
- series
- bytes.
- DW
- means
- (two
- bytes).
- Less
- common
- DD,
- double
- (four
- bytes),
- DS,
- area
- memory
- length
- indicated
- aside
- data.
- Dumping
- Comment
- maintains
- individual
- itemizing
- about
- disassembling.
- editing
- mode
- assigned
- given
- five
- digit
- address.
- equivalent
- segment:offset
- pair
- SNOOP.
- example
- 12345
- equal
- 1000:2345.
- comment
- mode
- simply
- new
- comment.
- Type
- shows
- information
- on
- Usually
- type
- Byte,
- word,
- denote
- Two
- special
- cases
- "E"
- "S"
- space
- holder
- until
- control
- assignment.
- Segment
- default
- segments
- identify
- instruction
- locations
- are
- F7.
- Changes
- registers
- user
- following
- instructions
- values.
- standard
- pair.
- Memory
- Full
- adds
- records
- containing
- memory
- session
- proceeds.
- disassembling
- very
- large
- (or
- small)
- up
- available
- memory.
- You
- free
- X
- command.
- When
- get
- symbol
- automatic
- options
- turned
- off.
- Structure
- Depth
- depth
- parameter
- sets
- maximum
- explored.
- initially
- levels,
- but
- changed
- become
- later
- calls
- Structure.
- function
- quickly
- see
- specific
- routine
- are.
- Length
- length
- number
- assumed
- for
- each
- automatically.
- value
- protects
- against
- exploring
- unduly
- long
- initially
- fifty
- instructions,
- but
- value.
- If
- value
- become
- default.
- displays
- subroutines
- used
- procedure.
- also
- disassembled.
- indented.
- Example:
- Subroutine
- 1
- 2
- 3
- which
- 4
- Select
- Function
- include
- different
- functions
- within
- IBM-PC.
- see
- DOS
- function
- 0A
- (Buffered
- Keyboard
- Input)
- Functions
- then
- Buffered
- Keyboard
- Input
- function.
- math
- coprocessor
- opcodes
- not
- because
- numbered
- sequentially.
- Once
- have
- selected
- number
- (in
- hex)
- specific
- interested
- in.
- Video
- 13
- Write
- String
- function.
- ADD
- register
- (AL,
- BL,
- CL,
- DL,
- AH,
- BH,
- CH,
- DH)
- register
- Sets
- flags
- CF
- (carry
- flag),
- PF
- (parity
- AF
- (adjust
- ZF
- (zero
- SF
- (sign
- OF
- (overflow
- flag)
- ADD
- AH,BYTE
- PTR
- [100]
- Result:
- content
- 100
- contents
- leaving
- sum
- AX.
-
-
- 00
- (AX,
- BX,
- CX,
- DX,
- from
- AX,WORD
- AX,
- AX.
- BYTE
- [100],AH
- 100.
- WORD
- [100],AX
- AL,mem
- AL
- AL,BYTE
- AL,
- AL.
- AX,mem
- PUSH
- ES
- ES
- stack.
- stack
- pointer
- decremented
- two.
- No
- changed.
- contains
- extra
- segment.
- typically
- string
- operations
- such
- MOVS
- MOV
- ES,AX
- (get
- ES)
- ...
- POP
- Pop
- pointer
- OR
- Logical
- inclusive
- or.
- computes
- inclusive
- OR
- two
- operands.
- Each
- bit
- result
- 0
- bits
- operands
- 0,
- otherwise
- each
- bit
- 1.
- BX,AX
- where
- BX=7
- AX
- =3.
- Bits
- denoting
- 2
- both
- on.
- 4
- off
- BX.
- BL,AL
- BL=7
- AL
- AL.
- BL.
- AX,7
- AX=3.
- AL,7
- AL=3.
- CS
- CS
- Since
- usually
- don
- JUMP
- CALL,
- this
- transfer
- register.
- DS
- 80386
- Extensions
- Opcode
- 0F
- indicate
- instruct-
- ions.
- concerning
- FS
- GS
- long
- displacement
- conditional
- jumps.
- On
- other
- processors
- opcode
- reserved.
- ADC
- addition
- includes
- CF.
- 10
- ADC
- SS
- SS
- operation
- get
- stack.
- SUB
- Integer
- subtraction
- borrow.
- subtracts
- second
- argument
- carry
- flag
- it
- argument.
- Both
- arguments
- bytes.
- SUB
- CY=1,
- BL=
- 8,
- AL=4.
- Adding
- CY
- (carry
- flag)
- yields
- 5.
- Subtracting
- places
- words.
- BX=
- AX=4.
- AX
- SUBAL
- immediate
- AX,immediate
- DS
- save
- when
- other
- accessed.
- AND
- And
- AND
- ands
- 20
- AL,immediate
- immediate
- byte
- CF
- AL,FF
- FF
- content
- leaving
- AX,100
- 100
- ES:
- override
- prefix.
- ES:
- makes
- refer
- register.
- changed.
- ES:MOV
- [0100]
- ES:0100
- DAA
- Decimal
- adjust
- addition.
- adjusts
- after
- Binary
- Coded
- (BCD)
- addition.
- two-digit
- packed
- decimal
- result.
- AL,12
- (AL=19)
- DAA
- AL=31.
- subtraction.
- first
- saves
- Both
- result,
- 4,
- placed
- AL,Immediate
- BL,04
- BL=8.
- AX,Immediate
- BX,04
- BX=8.
- CS:
- CS:
- CS:MOV
- CS:0100
- DAS
- subtract.
- (BCD)
- sub-
- traction.
- AL,21
- DAS
- AL=2.
- XOR
- exclusive
- OR.
- XOR
- true
- corresponding
- two
- different
- false
- if
- same.
- sign,
- overflow,
- zero,
- parity,
- carry
- AL,07
- AL=0F
- 8.
- 30
- AX,0007
- AX=000F
- SS:
- SS:
- SS:MOV
- SS:0100
- AAA
- AAA
- CMP
- Compare
- operands.
- CMP
- operand
- operand
- preserve
- result.
- flags
- (overflow,
- sign,
- auxiliary
- carry,
- carry)
- operation.
- AL,0007
- AL=0007
- zero
- flag.
- next
- conditional
- --
- JZ
- location.
- AX=0007
- DS:
- DS:
- DS:MOV
- DS:0100
- AL,22
- AAS
- INC
- Increment
- one
- need
- (AX=1)
- leaves
- 40
- CX
- CX
- (CX=1)
- CX.
- DX
- DX
- (DX=1)
- DX.
- BX
- BX
- (BX=1)
- SP
- SP
- (SP=1)
- SP.
- BP
- BP
- (BP=1)
- BP.
- SI
- SI
- (SI=1)
- SI.
- DI
- DI
- (DI=1)
- DI.
- DEC
- Decrement
- decrements
- decrements
- pushes
- 2.
- 50
- pops
- increments
- stack
- commonly
- recover
- been
- PUSHed
- earlier.
- PUSHA
- Pushes
- AX,
- .
- .
- 60
- POPA
- Pops
- BOUND
- array
- index
- bounds.
- checks
- whether
- signed
- bounds
- contained
- block
- operand.
- test
- fails,
- interrupt
- 5
- place.
- instrunction
- pioneered
- 80286
- rarely
- normal
- code.
- ARPL
- Adjust
- RPL
- field
- selecter.
- appear
- operating
- system.
- It's
- purpose
- quarantee
- selecter
- request
- privilege
- than
- caller
- permitted.
- FS:
- FS:
- GS:
- 80386
- enhancements.
- FS:MOV
- FS:0100
- GS:
- GS:MOV
- GS:0100
- Operand
- Size
- enhancement
- size
- toggle
- 32
- bits.
- Address
- PUSH
- word.
- introduced
- 80386.
- It
- direct
- access
- constants
- IMUL
- Signed
- multiply
- word.
- byte.
- constant
- pushed
- onto
- byte.
- INSB
- INSW/D
- OUTSB
- OUTSW/D
- JO
- Jump
- short
- overflow
- 70
- JNO
- JB/JNAE
- below
- on).
- JNB/JAE
- flag
- off).
- JE/JZ
- zero
- were
- equal.
- AX,BX
-
- JE
- Label1
- Label1:
- JNE/JNZ
- JNE
- Label_1
- Label_1:
- JBE/JNA
- below
- AX,BX
- =1,AX=2
- JBE
- JNBE/JA
- JS
- JNS
- JP/JPE
- JNP/JPO
- JL/JNGE
- JNL/JGE
- JLE/JNG
- JNLE/JG
- Extended
- 80
- 81
- extended
- addition-
- al
- ADD,
- OR,
- ADC,
- SBB,
- AND,
- SUB,
- XOR,
- 80
- Reserved
- 82
- yet
- (80386)
- defined.
- You
- probably
- 83
- SUB,
- TEST
- Test
- bit-wise
- logical
- both
- operands'
- one;
- otherwise
- zero.
- discarded
- modified.
- word
- XCHG
- exchanges
- order.
- copies
- operand.
- register,segment
- Moves
- LEA
- Load
- Effective
- calculates
- stores
- specified
- fetch
- segment.
- segment
- 8F
- refers
- memory.
- AX,AX
- set.
- NOP
- (no
- operation).
- 90
- CX,AX
- DX,AX
- BX,AX
- SP,AX
- BP,AX
- SI,AX
- DI,AX
- CBW
- Convert
- CBW
- converts
- signed
- extending
- most
- significant
- AH.
- affected.
- CWD
- doubleword.
- converts
- doubleword
- DX:AX
- CALL
- intersegment
- executes
- addressed
- proced-
- ure
- returns.
- inter-
- call
- offset
- four
- WAIT
- WAIT
- suspends
- operations
- CPU
- ready.
- On
- 8088/8086
- machines
- required
- every
- 8087
- PUSHF
- PUSHF
- POPF
- SAHF
- Store
- AH
- SF=bit
- 7,
- ZF=bit
- 6,
- AF=bit
- PF=bit
- 2,
- CF=bit
- 1
- LAHF
- offset
- A0
- mem,AL
- offset.
- mem,AX
- MOVS
- Move
- string.
- DS:SI
- ES:DI.
- destination
- no
- over-
- ride
- possible.
- After
- move
- incremented
- (if
- direction
- 0)
- 1).
- Used
- REP
- prefix
- CMPS
- CMPS
- compares
- pointed
- Preceded
- REPE
- REPNE
- prefixes
- compare
- Al,mem
- compare.
- wise
- logical
- STOS
- transfers
- After
- automatically
- update
- based
- flag.
- preceded
- REP
- store
- LODS
- loads
- ES:SI.
- updated
- based
- SCAS
- SCAS
- ES:DI
- comparison
- updated
- B0
- CL,immediate
- DL,immediate
- BL,immediate
- AH,immediate
- CH,immediate
- DH,immediate
- BH,immediate
- CX,immediate
- DX,immediate
- BX,immediate
- SP,immediate
- BP,immediate
- SI,immediate
- DI,immediate
- C0
- extension.
- 5,4,
- 3
- modR/M
- ROL,ROR,RCL,RCR,SHL,SHR,
- SAR.
- area.
- C1
- ROL,ROR,RCL,RCR,SHL,SHR,
- RET
- intrasegment
- calling
- procedure.
- intrasegment
- pop
- words
- worth
- additional
- LES
- pointer.
- ion
- loads
- segment:offset
- indicated
- LDS
- mem,immediate
- ENTER
- Make
- frame
- procedure
- parameters.
- ENTER
- creates
- high
- level
- languages.
- indicates
- bytes
- allocated
- dynamic
- storage.
- gives
- lexical
- nesting
- pointer.
- LEAVE
- High
- procedure
- exit.
- reverses
- actions
- old
- frame
- popped
- BP,
- restoring
- callers
- frame.
- Returns
- far
- popping
- (segment
- offset)
- offset).
- INT
- jumps
- immediately
- debugger.
- INT
- INTO
- occurs
- 4.
- IRET
- interrupt.
- CS,
- offset,
- resumes
- interrupted
- routine.
- D0
- D1
- D2
- D3
- AAM
- multiply.
- Execute
- AAM
- executing
- MUL
- unpacked
- BCD
- digits
- AH=AL/10
- AL=AL
- mod
- AAD
- division.
- AAD
- prepare
- unpacked
- (the
- least
- significant
- AH)
- division
- AL=AH*10+AL
- AH=0
- Reserved
- XLAT
- Table
- look-up
- translation.
- table
- entry.
- unsigned
- DS:BX.
- XLAT
- always
- ESC
- 0
- 5
- 6
- 7
- LOOPNZ
- Loop
- counter.
- LOOP
- count
- without
- changing
- flags.
- conditions
- met
- short
- made
- LOOPNZ
- CX<>0
- ZF=0
- E0
- LOOPZ
- LOOPZ
- ZF=1
- LOOP
- CX<>0
- JCXZ
- zero.
- IN
- AL,port
- Bring
- port
- AX,port
- OUT
- port,AL
- Put
- port.
- port,AX
- intra
- location
- inter-segment
- (within
- 128
- bytes).
- AL,DX
- Get
- AX,DX
- DX,AL
- LOCK
- assures
- CPU
- shared
- opcode.
- F0
- prefix
- repeats
- follow-
- ing
- REPZ
- REPZ
- non-zero
- HLT
- HLT
- halts
- CPU.
- interrupt
- cause
- resume
- CMC
- Complement
- setting
- F6
- F7
- CLC
- Clear
- STC
- CLI
- External
- recognized
- instruction.
- STI
- external
- interrupts.
- CLD
- increment
- (SI
- DI).
- STD
- decrement
- FE
- FF
- Interrupt
- error.
- part
- 01
- Single
- step.
- debugger
- single
- step
- part
- 02
- Non-maskable
- Directs
- NMI
- issued
- hardware.
- unlikely
- disassembling.
- 03
- Breakpoint.
- User
- defined
- debugger.
- normal
- program.
- 04
- Overflow
- conjunction
- INTO
- trap
- flows.
- 05
- BOUND
- range
- exceeded
- Print
- Screen.
- interrupts
- assigned
- incorrectly
- IBM
- software
- therefore
- inconsistent
- definitions.
- contain
- 05
- command
- print
- 06
- future
- Intel
- IBM.
- 07
- Coprocessor
- available.
- normally
- 08
- Double
- exception
- 8253
- system
- timer
- tick.
- triggered
- 54.936
- milliseconds
- drive
- motor
- drives
- 1C.
- occur
- 09
- 8259
- controller
- uses
- vector
- activate
- keyboard
- handler
- whenever
- pressed
- released.
- coprocessor
- overrun
- error.
- 0A
- Vector
- invalid
- task
- state
- 80286.
- 0B
- present
- Intel.
- COM2
- IBM.
- 0C
- fault.
- -
- reserved
- COM1.
- 0D
- protection.
- hard
- service.
- 0E
- disk
- controller.
- 0F
- Parallel
- printer
- interrupt.
- IO
- operations.
- issue
- video
- displayed
- enough
- determine
- AH.
- 11
- Equipment
- determination.
- returned
- AL:
-
- AH:
- 0:
- drives?
- reserved
- 1:
- 8087/80287?
- Number
- 2:
- EGA
- asynchronous
- 3:
- ports
- 4:
- Config
- Game
- I/O
- 5:
- 6:
- 7:
- printers
- 12
- Base
- kilobytes.
- Hard
- functions.
- Register
- AH
- 22
- (0
- 15
- hex).
- 00:
- Reset
- 08:
- parm
- 10:
- Test
- 01:
- stat
- 09:
- 11:
- Recal
- 02:
- sect
- 0A:
- Read
- lng
- 12:
- Diags
- 03:
- 0B:
- lg
- 13:
- 04:
- verify
- 0C:
- Seek
- 14:
- 05:
- format
- 0D:
- Rset
- 15:
- Rd
- Typ
- 06:
- 0E:
- Buffr
- 07:
- 0F:
- Wt
- Buffer
- 14
- 15
- BIOS
- system
- extensions.
- chooses
- 4F
- keyboard
- scan
- 86
- unconditional
- device
- open
- wait
- 81
- close
- 87
- 82
- 88
- expansion
- mem.
- 83
- AL=0
- wait
- 89
- protected
- AL=1
- cancel
- 90
- 84
- joystick
- 91
- post
- 85
- SysReq
- C0
- sys
- env
- 16
- depending
- AH:00
- enh.
- 01
- check
- 02
- read
- shift
- shift
- 03
- repeat
- F0:
- speed
- char
- F1:
- buffer
- F2:
- kbd
- 17
- Printer
- determines
- print
- character
- initialize
- 18
- Control-break
- service
- BIOS
- control-break
- pressed.
- when
- boot
- process
- fails.
- 19
- Bootstrap
- successful
- sector
- 0000:7C00
- transferred
- 1A
- Tick
- Counter/Real
- Time
- Clock
- tick
- counter
- RTC
- time
- 04
- date
- 06
- alarm
- 07
- reset
- 1B
- installed
- 1C
- System
- routine
- system-tick
- 1D
- points
- parameter
- table.
- unusual
- find
- 1E
- table.
- 1F
- points
- PEL
- maps
- graphics
- characters.
- would
- terminate.
- Using
- 31h
- 3Ch
- 21
- preferred
- 20.
- 21
- call.
- perform.
- unknown
- larger
- either
- Microsoft
- documentation.
- 22
- issued
- termination
- 23
- exit
- serve
- user
- written
- break
- handler.
- All
- saved
- control
- 23
- completed.
- 24
- critical
- occurs,
- 24.
- BP:SI
- Device
- Header
- Control
- Block.
- 25
- Absolute
- read.
- reads
- drive.
- (A=0)
- CX:
- sectors
- read
- DX:
- sector
- DS:BX:
- area
- 26
- write.
- writes
- directly
- drive.
- write
- 27
- Terminate
- stay
- resident.
- older
- TSR
- paragraph
- freed
- applications.
- 28
- routine.
- during
- DOS
- board
- access.
- 29
- 2A
- 2B
- 2C
- 2D
- 2E
- 2F
- Program
- point
- Prefix.
- input.
- Waits
- char-
- acter
- input
- device.
- character
- Checks
- control-break.
- Display
- output.
- Displays
- DL
- output
- Auxiliary
- device.
- Outputs
- auxiliary
- printer
- Direct
- console
- I/O.
- standard
- console.
- DH=FFh
- clear
- ready,
- DH<>FFh
- output
- echo.
- Function
- device,
- waiting
- necessary.
- Console
- 08
- necessary.
- Ctrl-Break
- detected,
- 23h
- executed.
- Print
- string.
- string
- DS:DX
- end
- marked
- '$'.
- DS:DX.
- characters
- actually
- received.
- A
- carriage
- 0Dh
- last
- buffer.
- status.
- there
- waiting
- AL=FFh,
- AL=00.
- Ctrl-Break
- invoke
- clears
- (only
- 01,06,07,08,
- 0Ah
- allowed).
- Disk
- reset.
- 0D
- all
- buffers
- disk.
- disk.
- Selects
- (A=0
- .).
- gives
- total
- drives.
- Open
- named
- COntrol
- Block
- DS:DX.
- 00
- opened
- successfully,
- FFh.
- Close
- 10
- closes
- successful,
- Search
- 11
- finds
- match
- wildcard
- filename
- match
- FFh
- found.
- directory
- entry
- DTA.
- entries
- FCB
- at
- deleted.
- Otherwise
- AL=FFh.
- Sequential
- Loads
- record
- DTA.
- returns:
- successful
- data)
- DTA
- small
- partial
- Writes
- record
- specified
- Returns
- protected
- too
- Initializes
- success-
- ful
- Rename
- matches
- DS:DX
- DS:DX+11.
- not.
- Current
- AL=0
- A,
- B
- DTA
- Allocation
- information.
- about
- allocation
- DS:BX
- media
- descriptor
- units
- per
- unit
- physical
- (0=defaultm1=A).
- Random
- reads
- AL:00
- greater
- than
- size.
- size
- Control
- FFh
- otherwise.
- relative
- field.
- Sets
- random
- same
- block
- fields.
- FCB.
- vector.
- handling
- PSP
- CX.
- records.
- Parse
- filename.
- parse.
- FCB.
- parsing.
- date.
- day
- (0=Sunday
- ...)
- year
- DH:
- month
- DL:
- day
- requires:
- date
- valid,
- time.
- CH:
- hour
- CL:
- minutes
- seconds
- hundredths
- 2D
- time
- Set/Reset
- switch.
- off.
- set
- on.
- (DTA).
- ES:BX.
- version
- number.
- Clears
- major
- revision
- minor
- 31
- para-
- graphs.
- 32
- 33
- Ctrl-break
- check.
- state
- state.
- (on
- off)
- one.
- DL
- 34
- progress.
- 35
- 35
- identified
- 36
- space.
- (0=default,
- 1-A
- ...).
- BX=available
- clusters,
- CX=
- clusters
- per
- CX=bytes
- sector,
- AX=FFFFh
- invalid.
- 37
- switch
- 38
- country
- dependent
- requested
- 39
- subdirectory.
- ASCIIZ
- (terminated
- zero).
- codes
- 3A
- Remove
- 3B
- 3C
- attribute.
- handle.
- 3D
- access
- 3E
- handle.
- 3F
- call
- handle,
- entry
- handle,
- return,
- written.
- 41
- directory.
- has
- containing
- remove.
- 42
- CX:DX
- distance
- method
- moving
- DX:AX
- is,
- 43
- entry,
- ASCIIZ
- attribute
- set,
- 44
- I/O
- information
- associated
- handles
- sends
- strings
- handle
- receives
- 45
- Duplicate
- refers
- existing
- unless
- 46
- Force
- duplicate
- as
- 47
- DS:SI.
- DL.
- 48
- Allocate
- paragraphs
- (16
- blocks)
- requested.
- available.
- 49
- Free
- freed.
- 4A
- block.
- modifies
- paragraphs
- allocated.
- 4B
- execute
- load
- optionally
- begins
- execution
- it.
- pathname.
- ES:BX
- pathname.
- AL=3
- load
- overlay.
- 4C
- process.
- 4D
- subprocess.
- low
- meanings:
- AL=00:
- termination
- =01:
- =02:
- =03:
- 4E
- matching
- pathname
- searched
- for.
- path-
- name.
- found
- set)
- 4F
- returned
- 4E.
- PSP.
- sets
- built
- 100h
- 51
- gets
- identical
- 62.
- 52
- base
- list.
- constructs
- linked
- list
- structures.
- head
- 53
- 54
- setting.
- 00h
- off,
- 01h
- 55
- 56
- renames
- names
- (name
- followed
- 00h).
- Error
- 57
- Get/set
- file's
- time,
- 58
- 59
- 3.00
- 3.30.
- error,
- BH
- class,
- BL
- suggested
- action,
- CH
- locus.
- 5A
- unique
- scratch
- purposes.
- backslash.
- 5B
- except
- fail
- already
- exists.
- 5C
- Lock/unlock
- access.
- locks
- unlocks
- range
- lock
- unlock.
- handle
- SI:DI
- locked
- section.
- 5D
- 5E
- Network
- server
- commands.
- subfunction
- Subfunctions
- machine
- name
- setup
- 5F
- AL=02:
- redirection
- redirect
- device
- redirection
- 61
- 62
- Prefix
- paragraphs)
- PSP.
- 63
- 64
- 65
- information.
- entry:
- AL=ID
- BX=code
- interest
- (-1=CON)
- DX=country
- ID
- CX=amount
- ES:DI=buffer
- 66
- global
- page.
- get,
- active
- page.
- 67
- count.
- increase
- active
- larger
- twenty.
- handles
- desired.
- 68
- Commit
- causes
- buffered
- done
- closing
- opening
- Modes
- 0,2,5,6,7
- F
- black
- white.
- AL=
- Text
- 40x25
- Monochrome
- Grph
- 320x200
- 80x25
- 640x200
- 640x350
- 320x200
- type.
- low
- cursor.
- CL
- cursor.
- DH
- row,
- column,
- BH
- column,
- line
- light
- pen
- been
- triggered.
- row
- pixel
- column.
- display
- Scroll
- up.
- lines
- scroll.
- CH,
- column
- corner.
- DH,DL
- holds
- lower
- blank
- down.
- exit
- page,
- charact-
- ers
- write,
- character,
- attribute.
- page,
- color
- palette.
- palette
- ID,
- BL
- used.
- dot.
- number,
- color.
- seven
- dot
- XORed
- color.
- dot
- read.
- teletype
- foreground
- state.
- return:
- AL=Mode
- Currently
- Set
- AH=Number
- columns
- BH=Current
- Active
- Page
- registers.
- BL=palette
- BH=value
- overscan
- AL=3
- BL=0
- intensity
- BL=1
- blinking
- Character
- generator
- alpha
- load.
- ES:BP
- table,
- count,
- DX=char
- char.
- AL=01:
- BL=block
- ROM
- 8x8.
- BL=BLock
- AL=03:
- specifier
- Alternate
- select.
- BL=10
- data:
- mode,
- memory,
- feature
- settings.
- BL=20
- select
- alternative
- string,
- position,
- number.
- TopView
- TopView,
- multitasking
- popularized
- DesqView,
- added
- 37
- DOSlike
- 15h
- register=10.
- skips
- task.
- PRINTC
- GETBIT
- FREEBIT
- Software
- control.
- SETBIT
- ISOBJ
- LOCATE
- Locate
- SOUND
- Operate
- speaker.
- frequency
- duration
- OSTACK
- TopVIew.
- ENDC
- task
- switching
- resume.
- STOP
- stop
- START
- start
- DISPEROR
- message.
- PGMINT
- GETVER
- POSWIN
- Position
- GETBUF
- buffer
- USTACK
- Restore
- original
- Send
- 20
- register=12.
- OBJECT
- NEW
- ADDR
- READ
- APPLY
- panel
- window.
- WRITE
- object.
- Not
- SIZEOF
- size.
- LEN
- length.
- ADDTO
- SUBFROM
- OPEN
- CLOSE
- Object.
- ERASE
- Erase
- STATUS
- status.
- EOF
- AT
- READN
- N
- GETSCALE
- scale
- factor
- REDRAW
- Redraw
- SETSC
- escape
- NPX
- FADD
- FADD
- real
- adds
- top.
- result
- top.
- FMUL
- FMUL
- multiplies
- real
- FCOM
- FCOM
- addressed
- results
- numerical
- coprocessor's
- FCOMP
- flags.
- popped.
- FSUB
- subtracted
- FSUBR
- FDIV
- divided
- FDIVR
- ST,ST(i)
- multiplied
- top
- four
- condition
- coprocessor.
- directly
- accessible
- branch
- performed.
- P
- FLD
- currently
- ST(7)
- lost.
- No
- ???
- defined.
- attempting
- FST
- FSTP
- location.
- FLDENV
- NPX
- internal
- area.
- status
- tag
- pointer,
- pointers
- FLDCW
- infinity,
- precision,
- rounding
- well
- masks.
- FSTENV
- FSTCW
- FXCH
- FXCH
- FNOP
- FNOP
- NPX's
- NOP.
- stands
- OPeration.
- FCHS
- sign
- FABS
- absolute
- instruction
- FTST
- FTST
- branch
- take
- FXAM
- FXAM
- variety
- conditions
- including
- various
- conditions.
- FLD1
- +1.0
- FLD2T
- log
- (base
- 10)
- FLD2E
- e)
- FLDPI
- FLDPI
- PI
- FLDLG2
- (base
- FLDLN2
- FLDZ
- F2XM1
- F2XM1
- top,
- calculates
- minus
- FYL2X
- Y
- times
- X
- 2.
- FPTAN
- FPTAN
- tangent
- ratio
- numerator
- replaces
- denominator
- FPATAN
- FPATAN
- partial
- arctangent
- pops
- second
- FXTRACT
- decomposes
- exponent
- significand
- (actual
- number)
- them
- FDECSTP
- FDECSTP
- (rolls
- stack).
- FINCSTP
- FINCSTP
- FPREM
- FPREM
- preforms
- modulo
- division
- step
- element.
- FYL2XP1
- performs
- Z=Y*Log2(X+1)
- FSQRT
- FSQRT
- square
- root.
- FRNDINT
- FRNDINT
- rounds
- integer,
- replacing
- FSCALE
- FSCALE
- integer
- FIADD
- FIADD
- conducts
- addition
- destination
- FIMUL
- integer
- multiplication
- FICOM
- stored
- must
- taken.
- FICOMP
- taken.
- FISUB
- FISUBR
- order
- calculation
- reversed.
- FIDIV
- FIDIVR
- FILD
- loaded
- FIST
- FISTP
- FENI
- FENI
- setting
- appropriate
- FDISI
- FDISI
- disable
- FCLEX
- FCLEX
- flags,
- flag,
- busy
- FINIT
- FINIT
- resets
- NPX.
- pending
- calculations.
- mode.
- FSETPM
- FSETPM
- puts
- FRSTOR
- FRSTOR
- restores
- 94
- referenced
- FSAVE
- FSAVE
- block.
- FSTSW
- FSTSW
- necessary
- branching.
- FFREE
- FFREE
- (free
- register)
- register's
- empty.
- unaffected.
- FADDP
- ST(i),ST
- top,
- FMULP
- register,
- FCOMP
- FCOMPP
- ST,ST(1)
- FSUBP
- FSUBRP
- FDIVP
- divides
- FDIVRP
- FBSTP
- representation.
- FBLD
- FBLD
- while
- converting
- decimal
- temporary
- real.
- FILD
- FBSTP
- unaffected.
- FSTP
- ST(i)
- Mouse
- mouse
- buttons
- BX.
- mouse
- center
- on,
- nothing.
- turns
- off
- button
- status,
- horizontal
- vertical
- coordinates
- "mickies".
- position
- vertical
- position.
- provides
- (AX),
- presses
- (BX),
- horizontal
- (CX),
- (DX).
- release
- releases
- release
- minimum
- minimum
- 8
- 9
- hot
- spot.
- ES:DX
- text
- type,
- start,
- end.
- software,
- mask
- value,
- value.
- motion
- counters.
- movement
- movement.
- mask.
- called.
- Light
- emulation
- emulate
- Basic.
- ends
- Mickey/Pixel
- ratio.
- mickey/pixel
- ratio
- vertical.
- Conditional
- x
- y
- coordinates.
- lower
- moves
- region
- implemented.
- speed
- threshold.
- threshold
- mickeys
- second.
- exceeds
- this,
- doubled.
- EEMS
- returned,
- detected.
- counts.
- unallocated
- pages,
- total
- pages.
- pages.
- pages
- manager
- version.
- mapping
- context.
- EEMS
- addresses.
- storage
- array.
- mapping.
- valid
- count.
- handles.
- allocate
- subfunctions
- subfunctions
- Mapping
- Contest
- Context
- Get/Set
- documented.
- array.
- stored
- in.
- windows
- Generic
- accelerator
- card
- support.
- entire
- expanded
- buffers,
- conventional
- ES:DI
- elements.
- frame.
- numerous
- subfunctions.
- provide
- relatively
- fast
- way
- saving
- context
- multitasking
- systems.